In Oxford, locals had begun calling coffee houses “penny universities” because for the cost of a cup of coffee, you could gain access to intellectual discussions and, critically, sober debate.

While India Coffee House is owned by the Coffee Board, there is an equally well known Indian Coffee House which is a workers cooperative owned by the Indian Coffee Workers' Cooperative Society Ltd.

A cafe is typically known for its extensive food menu and a relaxed, sit-down environment. It caters to a wide range of tastes, often serving various dishes, pastries, or light meals. On the other hand, a coffee shop's primary focus is coffee, offering many brewing methods, espresso beverages, and a selection of teas.

The first café is said to have opened in 1550 in Constantinople; during the 17th century cafés opened in Italy, France, Germany, and England. During the 200 years after the mid-17th century, the most famous coffeehouses of Europe flourished in London as ready points for news, discussion, and faction.